3. THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTS MADE FROM FORGINGS

3.1 Concurrent Engineering

3.2 Design Parameters for Forgings

3.2.1 Service Loads

3.2.2 Service Temperatures

3.2.3 Alloys Forged

3.2.4 Interfacing Structural Components

3.2.5 Accidental Unanticipated Conditions

3.3 Cost Drivers

3.3.1 Material Cost

3.3.2 Tooling Cost

3.3.3 Manufacturing Cost

3.3.4 Secondary Operations

3.3.5 Quantities Produced

3.4 Process Tradeoffs

3.4.1 A Comparison of Open Die, Impression Die, Rolled Ring and Cold Forging Processes

3.4.2 Forging Processes Compared With Alternate Processes

3.4.2.1 Sheet Metal Stamping

3.4.2.2 Weldments

3.4.2.3 Foundry Casting

3.4.2.4 Investment Casting

3.4.2.5 CNC Machined Bar and Plate

3.4.2.6 Powder Metallurgy

3.4.2.7 Reinforced Plastics and Composites

3.5 Designing Products Made from Forgings

3.5.1 Development of a Typical Shape

3.5.2 Selecting a Forging Company

3.5.3 Selecting the Optimum Forging Alloy

3.5.4 Product design Guidelines

3.5.4.1 Design Rules for Parts Made From Impression Die Forgings

3.5.4.2 Design Rules For Parts Made From Upset Forgings

3.5.4.3 Design Rules for Parts Made From Open Die Forgings

3.5.4.4 Design Rules for Parts Made From Rolled Rings

3.5.4.5 Design Rules for Parts Made by Cold and Warm Forging

3.6 Predicting, Developing and Maintaining Properties in Forgings

3.6.1 Physical Properties

3.6.2 Mechanical Properties

3.6.3 Developing and Maintaining Product Performance

3.7 Specifying Heat Treating

3.7.1 Heat Treating Steel

3.7.1.1 Annealing Processes for Steel

3.7.1.2 Hardening Treatments for Steel

3.7.2 Heat Treating Stainless Steels

3.7.3 Heat Treating Aluminum Alloys

3.7.4 Heat Treating Titanium Alloys

3.7.5 Heat Treating Heat Resistant Alloys

3.8 Prototyping

Return to Main Table of Contents