FIA Members

Forging Producers & Suppliers

Designers & Buyers of Forgings

Student & Academia

Forging Foundation (FIERF)

FIERF

Forging Industry Educational
and Research Foundation

Industry Research Reports

Please be patient when opening research reports. Due to the size of the files, they may take up to a minute to load.

Contact FIA/FIERF Director of Research and Education (george@forging.org) to discuss your research needs and to learn more about how FIA and FIERF can guide you through the organizational stages of the collaborative process and assist with identification of possible funding sources.

Reports are broken into the following categories:


Click on the titles below to see reports :  Materials noted with a    are available to FIA Members only.


FIERF Professor Korean Sabbatical Report (pdf)
FIERF Professor Chet Van Tyne, Colorado School of Mines reports on his 2003 Sabbatical Semester at Pusan National University in Korea.



Competing Process Comparisons and Optimization

Fatigue Performance Comparison and Life Prediction of Forged Steel and Ductile Cast Iron Crankshafts (pdf) Jonathan R. Williams and Ali Fatemi, Graduate Research Assistant and Professor, respectively, University of Toledo. Project funded by FIERF, in collaboration with AISI to evaluate fatigue performance of forged and cast crankshafts.
Executive Summary (pdf)
One Page Executive Summary (pdf)

Dynamic Load Analysis and Optimization of Connecting Rods (pdf)
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) supported research by Adila Afzal and Ali Fatemi, University of Toledo

Comparative Study of Fatigue Behavior and Life Prediction of Forged Steel and Powder Metal Connecting Rods (pdf)
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) supported research by Adila Afzal and Ali Fatemi, University of Toledo

Fatigue Performance Evaluation of Forged Versus Competing Process Technologies: A Comparative StudyDr. Ali Fatemi, University of Toledo project funded by FIERF, in collaboration with AISI, to measure and evaluate fatigue performance of a generic steel forging steel part (a steering knuckle) vs. the same part made as cast iron and cast aluminum parts.
Summary Brochure (pdf)
Executive Summary (pdf)
Final Report (pdf)

Stress Analysis and Optimization of Crankshafts Subject to Dynamic Loading (pdf)
Jonathan R. Williams and Ali Fatemi, Graduate Research Assistant and Professor, respectively, University of Toledo. Project funded by FIERF, in collaboration with AISI to evaluate fatigue performance of forged and cast crankshaft.



Design and Simulation

A Model for an Adaptable Axisymmetric Extrusion Die with a Bearing Length (pdf) 
W.A. Gordon, C.J. Van Tyne, and Y.H. Moon, Journal of Materials Processing and Technology, Vol. 191, (2007), pp. 11-15. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Analysis of Segmented Forging Die to Avoid Failure (pdf)
Terence Kirks, FIERF Magnet School Professor J.L. Frater, Cleveland State University. 2001 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Application of Intelligent Component Evaluation to the Design of RSP Tooling (pdf)
John Frater, FIERF Magnet School Professor, Cleveland State University.

Axisymmetric Extrusion Through Adaptable Dies -- Part 1: Flexible Velocity Fields and Power Terms (pdf) 
W.A. Gordon, C.J. Van Tyne and Y.H. Moon, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 49, 2007, pp. 86-95. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Axisymmetric Extrusion Through Adaptable Dies -- Part 2: Comparison of Velocity Fields (pdf) 
W.A. Gordon, C.J. Van Tyne and Y.H. Moon, "International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 49, 2007, pp. 96-103. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Axisymmetric Extrusion Through Adaptable Dies -- Part 3: Minimum Pressure Streamlined Die Shapes (pdf) 
W.A. Gordon, C.J. Van Tyne and Y.H. Moon, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 49, 2007, pp. 104-115. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Backward Simulations using Modified Upper Bound Elemental Technique (MUBET) for Preform Design in Forging Process (pdf)
Mazyad Almohaileb, Ohio University, American Axle and Manufacturing, Inc.

Computer-Assisted Design of Pre-Form and Finisher Dies for Cold Forging of Aluminum (pdf)
Jamie Corcoran, Erik Hahn, Barrett Marion, Jonathon Pangbom, Jeffrey Spencer, Magnet School Professor Walter W. Milligan, Michigan Technological University. 2000 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Criterion for Prevention of Central Bursting in Forward Extrusions Through Spherical Dies Using the Finite Element Method (pdf) 
S. Sriram and C.J. Van Tyne, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, ASME, vol. 124, 2002, pp. 65-70. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Design of Forming ProcessesPart 1 Bulk Forming (pdf) 
C.J. Van Tyne, chapter in Handbook of Metallurgical Design, edited by G.E. Totten, L. Xie and K. Funatani, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA, 2004, pp. 1-22. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Extrusion Through Spherical Dies An Upper Bound Analysis, (pdf) 
W.A. Gordon, C.J. Van Tyne, and S. Sriram, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, ASME, vol. 124, 2002, pp. 92-97. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Finite Element Analysis of Forging Die Using Solidworks and Algor (pdf)
David Carroll, Magnet School Professor John Frater, Cleveland State University. 2000 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Finite Element Analysis of a Forging Die Whose Cavity Was Obtained by Reverse Engineering Techniques (pdf)
Andrew Somrack, Cleveland State University.

Forging Process Analysis/Optimization for A Handle Block (pdf)
Brett Aber, John Rankin, Mahmoud Shaltout, Professor Bhavin Mehta and Magnet School Professor Jay Gunasekera, Ohio University. 2001 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Forging Process Analysis and Preform Design (pdf)
Harshil Parikh, Dr. Bhavin Mehta, FIERF Magnet School Professor Jay Gunasekera, Ohio University. 2002 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Hot Impression Die Forging Process Parameter Development for Production of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Medallions (pdf)
Luka Dugandzic, California Polytechnic State University.

Long-life Hot Forging Tool Design Base on the Optimized FGM Technology (pdf)
Yuanjie Wu, FIERF Forging Fellow, Ohio State University – Progress Report

Modeling of Heat Cycles for Large Forgings (pdf) 
C.J. Van Tyne and G.A. Brada, in Proceedings of 12th International Forgemasters Meeting, Cleveland, Ohio, 1994, vol. 1, pp. 5.6-1 to 5.6-12. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Modeling of Heating and Heat Treating Cycles for Large Forgings (pdf) 
G.A. Brada and C.J. Van Tyne, published in Process Controls and Instrumentation Section of Industrial Heating, 1996, pp. 45-51. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Modeling of Heating Cycles for Large Forgings Using a PC-Based Program (pdf) 
C.J. Van Tyne, R.B. Focht, T.D. Nelson, and W. Reese, in Proceedings of 35th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale PA, 1993, pp. 217-222. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center

Modeling of Open Die Forging Processes (pdf) 
C.J. Van Tyne, in Proceedings of 31st ISS Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale, PA, vol. XXVII, 1990, pp. 209‑218. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center

Optimization of Open Die Forging of Round Shapes Using FEM Analysis (pdf) 
S.K. Choi, M.S. Chun, C.J. Van Tyne and Y.H. Moon, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 172, 2006, pp. 88-95. (pdf)
Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Optimization of the Ring Gear Forging Process (pdf)
Mazyad Almohaileb, Jay Gunasekera, and Bhavin Mehta, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University. Research leads to reduced perform stages and material usage.

Overview of Adaptable Die Design for Extrusions (pdf) 
W.A. Gordon, C.J. Van Tyne and Y.H. Moon, Journal of Materials Processing and Technology, Vol. 187-188, (2007), pp. 662-667. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Physical Simulation of Thermal/Mechanical Metal-Working Processes (pdf) 
E.B. Damm and C.J. Van Tyne, Proceedings of 37th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale, PA, pp. 367-371, 1995. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Process Analysis of Multistage Forging Using Finite Element Method (pdf) 
K.S. Park, C.J. Van Tyne, and Y.H. Moon, Journal of Materials Processing and Technology, Vol. 187-188, (2007), pp. 586-590. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Rapid Flow Stress Characterization of Steel (pdf) 
Roger N. Wright, Peter M. Hale and Jeremy Vosburgh, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Dynamic Systems Inc. Research funded through a FIERF Graduate Fellowship demonstrates the feasibility of rapid flow stress characterization of plain carbon and austenitic stainless steels by stress relaxation testing with the Gleeble testing machine.

Review of Process Modeling for Prediction of Microstructures and Properties for Metal Deformation Processes (pdf) 
C.J. Van Tyne and L.P. Turner, in Proceedings of North American Forging Technology Conference, ASM, Materials Park, OH, 1994, pp. 43-49. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Simulating Microstructural Evolution During the Hot Working of Alloy 718 (pdf) 
M.C. Mataya, JOM, vol. 51, no. 1, January 1999, pp. 18-26. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Thermal Modeling of Open Die Forgings Using Microcomputer Programs (pdf) 
C.J. Van Tyne and R.B. Focht, in Proceedings of 1994 NSF Design and Manufacturing Grantees Conference, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 1994. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center

Upper Bound Element Technique (UBET) as a Design Tool for Ring Rolling Process (pdf)
Adel Alfozan, FIERF Professor Jay Gunasekera, Ohio University. 2003 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.



Heating and Cooling of Stock

Application of Rapid Infrared Heating for Processing of Aluminum Forgings (pdf)
Gowreesan Vamadevan and Frank Kraft, Ohio University, Puja Kadolkar, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Howard Mayer, The Queen City Forging Co.

Enhancement of Aluminum Alloy Forging Microstructure and Properties (pdf)
To attain substantial improvement in forging mechanical properties through infrared heating of the billet/perform prior to forging.

Improving Fatigue Performance of Aluminum Alloy Forgings using Rapid Infrared Thermal Processing (pdf)
Frank F. Kraft, Gowreesan Vamadevan and Devon Poling, Mechanical Engineering Department, Ohio University, Rob Mayer, The Queen City Forging Company. Initial laboratory trials indicated that applying rapid IR superheating to the solutionizing cycle can reduce heat-treating cycle times by as much as 75% with a resulting decrease in energy consumption.

Infrared Heating of Forging Billets and Dies (pdf)
This project proved the capability of a new type of infrared die heater to uniformly heat forging dies to the desired temperature in 30 minutes instead of the standard 4 hours.

3-D Temperature Profile of Forging Reheat Furnace (pdf) 
Professor Shahla Keyvan, University of Missouri Columbia. FIERF has funded Dr. Keyvan's work to apply vision-based sensor technologies used in the glass industry to improve burner control in gas fired forging furnaces. Tests are being conducted at Missouri Forge, Inc.

Final Report Released on Development of the Hybrid Rapid Infrared Superheating Furnace (FIA and FIERF Supported Project) (pdf) 
Final Project Report: "Development of the Hybrid Rapid Infrared Superheating Furnace for the Treatment of Aluminum Alloys". The main funding for this part of the program was supplied by Edison Materials Technology Center with additional funding for the testing of project samples at Ohio University being supplied by the Forging Industry Educational and Research Foundation (FIERF).

Vision-Based Technology for Saving Energy in Forging Industry (pdf) 
Final Project Report: FIERF funded study conducted by Dr. Shahla Keyvan to provide a temperature profile of a gas fired heat treat furnace at Missouri Forge resulting in a 7% reduction in gas consumption.



Heat Treatment

Effect of Heating Rate and Prior Microstructure on Austenization Kinetics of 5150 Hot-Rolled and Quenched and Tempered Steel (pdf) 
K.D. Clarke and C.J. Van Tyne, CD STEEL: Steel Product Metallurgy and Applications, Proceedings of Materials Science and Technology (MS&T'07), edited by Brian D. Nelson, Detroit, MI, USA (2007), pp. 367-382. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Effects of Induction Hardening and Prior Cold Work on a Microalloyed Medium Carbon Steel (pdf) 
J.L. Cunningham, D.J. Medlin, and G. Krauss, Proceedings of 1st International Induction Heat Treating Symposium. ASM Materials Week, ASM, Materials Park, Ohio, 1997, pp. 575-583. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

The Effect of Induction Hardening on the Mechanical Properties of Steel With Controlled Prior Microstructures (pdf) 
J. J. Coryell, D.K. Matlock, and J.G. Speer, Heat Treating for the 21st Century: Vision 2020 and New materials DevelopmentProceedings of Materials Science & Technology 2005, pp. 3-14. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

The Effect of Prior Microstructure on the Fatigue of Induction Hardened AISI-1050 Steel (pdf) 
T.J. Favenyesi, D.J. Medlin, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss, in Proceedings of the 40th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale, PA, 1998, pp. 733-740. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Effect of Prior Microstructure Scale and Heating Rate on Carbide Dissolution and Austenite Formation in Spheriodized 52100 Steel (pdf) 
K.D. Clarke and C.J. Van Tyne, CD Proceedings of 27th Forging Industry Technical Conference and Energy Summit, Forging Industry Educational and Research Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, 2007.

The Effect of Intermediate Precipitation Treatments on the Temper Embrittlement of 4140 Forging-Grade Steel (pdf)
Alexander C. Edrington, FIERF Magnet School Professor Robert Foley, Illinois Institute of Technology. 2000 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

The Evolution of Microstructure and Precipitate Dispersions During Reheating in a Vanadium Modified 1045 Steel (pdf) 
M. Leap, E.L. Brown, P. Mazzare and G. Krauss: in Fundamentals of Microalloying Forging Steels, Edited by G. Krauss and S.K. Banerji, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1987, pp. 91‑112. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Improving the Reliability of Eddy Current Testing as a Means of Induction Hardening Quality Control of Forged Axle Shafts (pdf)
Rob Kozar, Sally Ecklund, Brady Crawley, Hong-Hsin Chen, Kurt Iwankovitsch, Dr. Peter Moran, Michigan Technological University 2002 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Induction Hardening of Microalloyed Medium-Carbon Steel: Characterization of Pre-Hardened Microstructure (pdf) 
J. Cunningham, D.J. Medlin, C.J. Van Tyne, and G. Krauss, Fundamentals and Applications of Microalloyed Forging Steels, edited by C.J. Van Tyne, G. Krauss, and D.K. Matlock, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1996, pp. 491-505. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

The Induction Hardening Response and Fatigue Properties of Ferrite and Pearlite Banded 4145 Steel (pdf) 
Patrick I. Anderson, David K. Matlock and John G. Speer, in Proceedings of International Conference on New Developments in Long and Forged Products: Metallurgy and Applications, edited by J.G. Speer, E.B. Damm and C.V. Darragh, AIST, Warrendale, PA, USA, 2006, pp. 107-116. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Intensive Quenching Technology for Heat Treating and Forging IndustriesFinal Report (pdf)
Michael A. Aronov, Nikolai I. Kobasko and Joseph A. Powell, IQ Technologies Inc., Prepared for Edison Material Technology Center (EMTEC). Research shows Quenching Technology can increase tool life significantly.

A Microstructural Analysis of Rapid Austenite Formation in Induction Hardened Steels (pdf) 
K.C. Smith, J.P. Wise, and G. Krauss, Proceedings of the 5th ASM Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering Conference in Europe, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 20000, pp. 381-386. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.



Metallurgy

An Analysis of Tensile Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution in an Artificially Banded SAE 5140 (pdf) 
T.F. Majka, D.K. Matlock, G. Krauss, and M.T. Lusk, Proceedings of the ISS 42nd Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, vol. XXXVIII, 2000, pp. 75-87. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

The Ancestry, Artistry and Metallurgy of Wootz Damascus Steel (pdf)
Emily Yocom, FIERF Professor Chet Van Tyne, Colorado School of Mines. 2005 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Applicability of the Short Rod Fracture Toughness Test to New Microalloyed Bar Steels (pdf) 
T.C. Tschanz, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss in Chevron-Notch Fracture Test Experience, Metals and Non-Metals, Edited by Kevin R. Brown and Francis I. Baratta, STP 1172, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1991, pp. 26-42. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Application of High Strength Microalloyed Steel in a New Automotive Crankshaft (pdf) 
Young Sang Ko, Jin Woo Park, Hyounsoo Park, Jong Dae Lim, and David K. Matlock, in Proceedings of International Conference on New Developments in Long and Forged Products: Metallurgy and Applications, edited by J.G. Speer, E.B. Damm and C.V. Darragh, AIST, Warrendale, PA, USA, 2006, pp. 3-10. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Carbon and Sulfur Effects on Performance of Microalloyed Spindle Forgings (pdf) 
B.G. Kirby, C.J. Van Tyne, D.K. Matlock, R. Turonek, R.J. Filar, and G. Krauss, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 930966, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 1993. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

A Comparison of Mechanical Properties in V and V+Nb Forging Steels (pdf) 
W. Scott Lemonie, Colorado School of Mines, FIERF Fellowship Grant. The goal of this thesis work was to compare the mechanical properties of medium carbon forging steels with 1) no microadditions, 2) vanadium microadditions and 3) vanadium and nibium microadditions.

Comparison of Single and Multiple Pass Compression Tests Used to Simulate Microstructural Evolution During Hot Working of Alloys 718 and 304L (pdf) 
M.C. Mataya, E.R. Nilsson, and G. Krauss in Proceedings of Superalloys 718, 625, 706, and Derivatives Symposium, Edited by E.A. Loria, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1994, pp. 331-343. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Correlation of the Charpy Test to Fracture Mechanics in a Vanadium Modified 1045 Steel (pdf) 
M. Leap, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss, in Fundamentals of Microalloying Forging Steels, Edited by G. Krauss and S.K. Banerji, TMS, Warrendale PA, 1987, pp. 113‑154. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Deformation and Fracture of Direct-Cooled Bainitic Forging Steels (pdf) 
G. Krauss and D.K. Matlock, Proceeding of the International Symposium on Hot Workability of Light Alloy-Composites, ed. by H.J. McQueen, E.V. Konopleva and N.D. Ryan, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and Petroleum, Montreal, Canada in 1996. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

A Digital Image Processing Technique for Quantification of Surface Hot-Shortness Cracks (pdf) 
L. Garza and C.J. Van Tyne, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 34, 2006, pp. 1-4. (pdf) Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Effect of Bismuth, Selenium, and Tellurium on Hot Workability of SAE-8620 Steel (pdf) 
C.H. Ericksen, D.J. Medlin, C.J. Van Tyne, and G. Krauss, Proceedings of 38th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, vol. XXXIV, ISS, Warrendale, PA, 1997, pp. 601-610. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

The Effects of Direct Quenching After Forging on the Toughness of Medium Carbon Steel (pdf) 
J.A. Johnson and D.K. Matlock, Proceedings of 38th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, vol. XXXIV, ISS, Warrendale, PA, 1997, pp. 635-640. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

The Effect of Forging Conditions on the Flow Behavior and Microstructure of a Medium Carbon Microalloyed Forging Steel (pdf) 
N.E. Aloi, G. Krauss, C.J. Van Tyne, and Y.W. Cheng, SAE Technical Paper No. 940787, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 1994. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Effects of Heating Rate and Prior Microstructure on SAE 1541 Forging Steel (pdf)
Adam Shutts, Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, Colorado School of Mines

Effects of Heating Rate on Austenite Grain Growth in a Ti-Modified SAE 8620 Steel with Controlled Niobium Additions (pdf) 
K.A. AlOgab, D.K. Matlock, J.G. Speer, and H.J. Kleebe, ISIJ International, Vol. 47, No. 7, 2007, pp.1034-1041. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

The Effect of Hot Working Conditions on the Austenite Decomposition in SAE 4120 Steel (pdf) 
E. Buddy Damm, C.J. Van Tyne, S.W. Thompson, and D.K. Matlock, Proceedings of 37th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale, PA, pp. 819-831, 1995. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Effect of Hot Working Reduction Ratios on the Torsional Fatigue of Strand Cast AISI 4140 Steel (pdf) 
B. Rittgers, R.H. Frost, G. Krauss, D.K. Matlock, and J. Wei in Proceedings of 31st ISS Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale, PA vol. XXVII, 1990, pp. 99‑113. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Effects of Hot Reduction and Bar Diameter on Torsional Fatigue of a Strand Cast Microalloyed Steel (pdf) 
J. Dyck, W.E. Heitmann, D. Bhattacharya, R.H. Frost, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss in Proceedings of 30th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warendale, PA, 1988, vol. XXVII, pp. 83‑94. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Effects of Multiple Reductions on Grain Refinement During Hot Working of Alloy 718 (pdf) 
M.C. Mataya and D.K. Matlock in Superalloy 718, Metallurgy and Applications, Edited by E.A. Loria, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1989, pp. 155‑178. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

The Effect of Nitrogen on the Cold Forgeability of 1020 Steel (pdf)
Tricia J. Douthit, FIERF Professor C. J. Van Tyne, Colorado School of Mines. 2000 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

The Effects of Nitrogen on the Cold Forging Properties of 1020 Steel (pdf) 
T.J. Douthit and C.J. Van Tyne, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 160, 2005, pp. 335-347. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Effect of Prior Microstructure and Heating Rate on Austenite Formation Kinetics in Three Steels for Induction Hardened Components (pdf)
Kester D. Clarke, FIERF Fellow and C.J. Van Tyne, FIERF Professor, Colorado School of Mines

Effect of Prior Microstructure on Austenite Decomposition and Associated Distortion (pdf)
R. Ramanathan and R.P. Foley, MMAE Department, Illinois Institute of Technology

Effects of Silicon and Boron Additions on the Susceptibility to Quench Embrittlement and the Bending Fatigue Performance of Vacuum Carburized Modified 4320 Steel (pdf) 
J.J. Spice, J.G. Speer, G. Krauss, D.K. Matlock, and H. Meyer III, SAE Technical Paper #2007-01-1005, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 2007; also published in Steel Innovations, Fatigue Research, Sheet/hydro/Gas Forming Technology & Advanced High Strength Steel Development, SP-2103, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 2007 pp. 237-247. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

The Effect of Silicon and Retained Austenite on Direct-Cooled Microalloyed Forging Steels with Bainitic Microstructures (pdf) 
A.J. Bailey, G. Krauss, S.W. Thompson, and W.A. Szilva, Proceedings of 37th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale, PA, vol. XXXIII, 1996, pp. 455-462. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

The Effect of Silicon and Retained Austenite on Direct-Cooled Microalloyed Forging Steels with Non-Traditional Bainitic Microstructures (pdf) 
A.J. Nagy, G. Krauss, D.K. Matlock, and S.W. Thompson in Proceedings of 36th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale, PA, 1994, pp. 271-277. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Effect of Sulfur on Microstructure and Properties of Medium-Carbon Microalloyed Bar Steels (pdf) 
B.G. Kirby, P. LaGreca, C.J. Van Tyne, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 920532, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 1992. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

An Examination of Hot Deformation and Recrystallization of Alloy 167 (pdf) 
A.C. Perry, C.J. Van Tyne, and F.S. Suarez, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Heat Resistant Materials, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1995, pp. 267-273. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Fatigue of Microalloyed Bar Steels (pdf) 
J.A. Johnson, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 200-01-134, SAE, Warrendale PA, 2000. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Fatigue Performance of High Temperature Vacuum Carburized Nb Modified 8620 Steel (pdf) 
R.E. Thompson, D.K. Matlock, and J.G. Speer, SAE Technical Paper #2007-01-1007, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 2007; also published in Steel Innovations, Fatigue Research, Sheet/hydro/Gas Forming Technology & Advanced High Strength Steel Development, SP-2103, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 2007 pp. 263-278. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Feasibility of Electro-Slag Cast Steel for Hot-Working Tools (pdf) 
Y.H. Moon, J.W. Kim and C. J. Van Tyne, Metals and Materials International, vol. 11, 2005, pp. 169-176. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Flow Stress and Microstructural Evolution during Hot Working of Alloy 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn-0.3N Austenitic Stainless Steel (pdf) 
M.C. Mataya, C.A. Perkins, S.W. Thompson, and D.K. Matlock, Metallurgical Transactions A, vol. 27A, 1996, pp. 1251-1266. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Forging of Carbon and Alloy Steels (pdf) 
C.J. Van Tyne in ASM HandbookVolume 14A Metalworking: Bulk Forming, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, USA, 2005, pp. 241-260. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

The Forging of a Japanese Katana (pdf)
Michael Morimoto, FIERF Professor Chet Van Tyne, Colorado School of Mines 2004 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Grain Refinement During Primary Breakdown of Alloy 718 (pdf) 
M. Mataya, M. Robinson, D. Chang, M. Weis, G. Edwards, and D.K. Matlock in Proceedings of 29th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Grain Size Control in Ring-Rolled Alloy 718 (pdf) 
in Proceedings of Superalloys 718, 625, 706, and Derivatives Symposium, D.R. Nielsen, S.W. Thompson, C.J. Van Tyne, and M.C. Mataya, Edited by E.A. Loria, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1994, pp. 373-392. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Grain Size and Forgeability of a Titanium Microalloyed Forging Steel (pdf) 
P.A. Oberly, C.J. Van Tyne, and G. Krauss, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 910146, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 1991. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Investigation of the Proper Hot Forging Temperatures for Various Steel Grades (pdf)
Jeremiah MacSleyne, FIERF Professor Chester J. Van Tyne, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines. 2001 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

The Hot Deformation Behavior of an As Cast Alloy 718 Ingot (pdf) 
M.J. Weis, M.C. Mataya, S.W. Thompson, and D.K. Matlock in Superalloy 718, Metallurgy and Applications, Edited by E.A. Loria, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1989, pp. 135‑154. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Hot Deformation Behavior of Several Microalloyed Forging Steels (pdf) 
G.T. Velarde, C.J. Van Tyne, and Y.W. Cheng, Fundamentals and Applications of Microalloyed Forging Steels, edited by C.J. Van Tyne, G. Krauss, and D.K. Matlock, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1996, pp. 209-224. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Hot Deformation Microstructure and Properties of Medium-Carbon Microalloyed Forging Steels (pdf) 
N.E. Aloi, G. Krauss, C.J. Van Tyne, D.K. Matlock, and Y.-W. Cheng in Proceedings of 36th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale, PA, 1994, pp. 201-213. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Hot Deformation, Microstructure, and Property Analysis of Ferritic/Pearlitic and Bainitic Microalloyed Forging Steels (pdf) 
N.E. Aloi, Winner of the 1995 Silver Anvil Award in the Graduate Division: Microalloyed Forging Steels, FIA, Cleveland, OH, 1996, pp. 41-44. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Hot Working and Recrystallization of As-Cast 317L (pdf) 
M.C. Mataya, E.R. Nilsson, E.L. Brown, and G. Krauss, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, vol. 34A, 2003, pp. 3021-3041. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Hydraulic Press, Mechanical Press, Screw Press, or HERF: A Comparison of 304L Forging Processes(pdf) 
N.T. Switzner, C.J. Van Tyne and M.C. Mataya, in CD Proceedings of 27th Forging Industry Technical Conference and Energy Summit, Forging Industry Educational and Research Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, 2007. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Investigation of S-N Test Data Scatter of Carburized 4320 Steel 
H.Lin, G.A. Fett, R.R. Binoniemi, J.A. Sanders, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss, SAE Technical Paper #2007-01-1006, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 2007; also published in Steel Innovations, Fatigue Research, Sheet/hydro/Gas Forming Technology & Advanced High Strength Steel Development, SP-2103, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 2007 pp. 249-261. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Machinability of Microalloyed Ferrite/Pearlite Steels as a Function of Sulfur and Niobium Content (pdf) 
A.K. Roy, S.K. Bhattacharyya, and G. Krauss in Proceeding of Materials Issues in Machining II, and the Physics of Machining Processes II Symposium, Edited by D.A. Stephenson and R. Stevenson, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1994, pp. 53-77. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Microalloyed Bar and Forging Steels (pdf) 
G. Krauss, in Proceedings of 29th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale PA, 1987, pp. 67‑77. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Microalloying and Austenite Grain Size Control: Implications for Direct-Cooled Forgings (pdf) 
P.T. MazzareS.W. Thompson, and G. Krauss in Proceedings of International Conference on Processing, Microstructure, and Properties of Microalloyed and Other Modern High Strength Low Alloy Steels, Edited by A.J. DeArdo, ISS, Warrendale, PA, 1993, pp. 497-509. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Microstructure and Properties of Medium-Carbon Steels Microalloyed with Vanadium and Niobium (pdf) 
L.A. Touryan, S.W. Thompson, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss in Proceedings of International Symposium on Microalloyed Bar and Forging Steels, Edited by M. Finn, Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Montreal, Quebec, 1990, pp. 63-83. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Microstructures and Properties of Direct-Cooled Microalloy Forging Steels (pdf) 
D.K. Matlock, G. Krauss, and J.G. Speer, J. of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 117, 2001, pp. 324-328. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

New Microalloyed Steel Applications for the Automotive Sector (pdf) 
D.K. Matlock, G. Krauss, and J.G. Speer, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 500-501, 2005, pp.87-96; also published as Microalloying for New Steel processes and Applications, edited by J.M. Rodriquez-Ibabe, I. Gutiérrez, B. López, and A. Iza-Mendia, Trans Tech Publications, Zurich, Switzerland, 2005, pp. 87-96. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

New Options for Steel Selection for Automotive Applications (pdf) 
K. Grassl, S.W. Thompson, and G. Krauss, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 890508, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 1989. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Optimized Carburized Steel Fatigue Performance as Assessed with Gear and Modified Brugger Fatigue Tests (pdf)
Jason Spice, FIERF Fellow and Professor David Matlock, Colorado School of Mines.

Precipitation and Fine Structure in Medium‑Carbon Vanadium and Vanadium/Niobium Microalloyed Steels (pdf) 
S.W. Thompson and G. Krauss, Metallurgical Transactions A, vol. 20A, 1989, pp. 2279‑2288. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Prediction of the Strength Properties for Plain-Carbon and Vanadium Microalloyed Ferrite-Pearlite Steel (pdf) 
P.T. Purtscher, Y.-W. Cheng, and R.P. Foley in Proceedings of 36th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale PA, 1994, pp. 279-288. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Recent Developments in the Physical Metallurgy of Ferrous Long Products (pdf) 
John G. Speer, David K. Matlock and George Krauss, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, Vol. 59, No. 5, October 2006, pp. 749-767. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Nickel 706 Forgings (pdf)
Kate Felde, Magnet School Professor David Schwam, Case Western Reserve University. 2003 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Short-Rod Fracture Toughness Testing of Microalloyed Steels as a Function of Sulfur and Intragranular Ferrite Content (pdf) 
P.D. LaGreca, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss, Fundamentals and Applications of Microalloyed Forging Steels, edited by C.J. Van Tyne, G. Krauss, and D.K. Matlock, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1996, pp. 357-374. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Solidification Structure and the Effects of Hot Reduction in Continuously Cast Steels for Bar and Forgings (pdf) 
C.V. White, G. Krauss, and D.K. Matlock, I&SM, vol. 25, no. 9, 1998, pp. 73-79. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Some Recent Developments in Microalloyed Bar and Forging Steels (pdf) 
J.G. Speer and D.K. Matlock in Microalloyed Steels  Emerging Technologies and Applications, ed. By D. Bhattacharjee, U.K. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, M. Dutta, and K.K. Ray, Vista Publishing, New Dehli, India, 2007, pp. 434-441. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Study of Premium H13 for Improved Toughness and Temperature Resistance (pdf)
Roger N. Wright, Professor of Materials Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Surface Hot-Shortness of 1045 Forging Steel with Residual Copper (pdf) 
L.G. Garza and C.J. Van Tyne, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 159, 2005, pp. 169-180. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Thermal and Mechanical Properties for Electro-Slag Cast Steel for Hot Working Tools (pdf) 
Y.H. Moon, B.H. Kang and C.J. Van Tyne, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, vol. 19, 2005, pp. 496-504. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Thermal Shock Resistance of Electroslag Cast Steel for Hot-working Tools (pdf) 
Y.H. Moon, J.W. Kim and C.J. Van Tyne, in Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies (AMPT2003), edited by A.G. Olabi and S.J. Hashmi, 2003, pp. 1128-1131; also published in J. Mat. Proc. Tech., vols. 155-156, 2004, pp 2122-2126. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Toughness of Medium‑Carbon Forging Steels with Direct Cooled Bainitic Microstructures (pdf) 
K.J. Grassl, S.W. Thompson, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss in Proceedings of 31st ISS Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, ISS, Warrendale, PA, vol. XXVII, 1990, pp. 137‑143. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Workability of Medium Carbon 1045 Forging Steel with Residual Copper (pdf) 
L.G. Garza and C.J. Van Tyne, Proceedings of 24th Forging Technical Conference, 2002, FIA, Journal of Materials Processing and Technology, 2004, pp. 279-290. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Workability of Medium Carbon 1045 Forging Steel with Residual Copper (pdf)
Luis Garza, FIERF Fellow and FIERF Professor Chet Van Tyne, Colorado School of Mines.



Quality Control

Characterization of Internal Defects in Open Die Forging (pdf)
– Alisha Tremaine, C.J. Van Tyne, FIERF Professor, Colorado School of Mines

Dimensional Surface Inspection of Hot Forgings (pdf)
Development of device to inspect hot forgings as they exit the press or hammer to increase machine utilization, reduce scrap and production costs. Prototype devices have been tested at several forging companies.

SQA™: Surface Quality Assured Steel Bar Program (pdf)
This project is intended to alleviate surface quality problems faced by the U.S. special quality steel bars and rods industry, and their customers, the U.S. forging industry.

Understanding Geometrical Forging Defects 
C.J. Van Tyne and J. Walters, Forge (Supplement to Industrial Heating), Vol. 74, No. 4, April (2007), pp. 8-12. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.

Understanding Material Forging Defects 
C.J. Van Tyne and J. Walters, Forge (Supplement to Industrial Heating), Vol. 74, No. 7, July (2007), pp. 20-23. Provided to FIA Members by Colorado School of Mines Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center.



Predictive Maintenance

Automatic Feature Extraction for Monitoring of Multiple Operation Forging Processes (pdf) 
Yong Lei*, Yu Zhou*, Jionghua Jin*, Jianjun Shi*, Tzyy-Shuh Chang+, * Industrial & Operations Engineering Department, University of Michigan, + OG Technologies Inc. The objective of this research is to develop an effective monitoring and diagnosis system through automatic sequential control charts generation for different processes and adaptive learning from production data for continuous improvement. 2007 FIERF Forging Achievement Award Paper.

S-P3 System: Sensor-based Prognostics and Predictive Process Control for Hot Deformation Processes (pdf) 
Magnet School Professor Jianjun Shi, The University of Michigan. This project melds real-time dimensional control, monitoring of equipment and the ability to predict future equipment functionality and product quality. Partners include National Science Foundation, Michigan 21st Century Jobs Fund, American Axle and Manufacturing, FormTech, MACSTEEL, OG Technologies and Stealth Medical Technologies.



Techniques and Systems

Continuous Severe Plastic Deformation (pdf)
The use of ultrafine grained material is very attractive as machining, forging or extrusion stock. Its improved strength and ductility properties influence both manufacture- and service-related properties. Full-scale industrial implementation of this technology will substantially expand the use of aluminum forgings and extrusions.

Development of an Experimental Ring Rolling Mill (pdf)
Adel Alfonza, Magnet School Professor Jay S. Gunasekera, Ohio University2003 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Forging Material Handling System (For Swagelok Company) (pdf)
Roy Aukerman, Justin Bellini, Michael Glover, Kevin Gollon, Professor John Frater. Cleveland State University. 2006 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Investigation of Friction Measurements at CSM for Hot Steel Forging Applications (pdf)
Keith P. Savage, FIERF Professor Chester J. Van Tyne, Colorado School of Mines. 2001 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper

Preliminary Investigation into the Effects of Friction, Work-piece Temperatures, Die Temperature and Stroke Speed on Hot Forging Die Life (pdf)
Thomas C. Grobaski, Ohio University

Sensors, Control Systems, Information Processing, and Robotics: Enabling Process Change (pdf) 
The Forging Industry Association is working with the Department of Energy to develop new technologies that will enable the forging companies to become more productive and Produce forged product with predictable residual stress (reduce customer rejections for distortion).

Welded Preforms in Forging (pdf)
Joseph Domblesky, Marquette University; Frank Kraft and Bart Sims, Ohio University; Benjamin Druecke, Marquette University



Tooling and Lubrication

A Method for Measuring the Hardness and Elastic Modulus of the Surface Layer on Hot Forging Dies Using a Nano Indention (pdf)
P. Mencin, FIERF Professor C.J. Van Tyne, Colorado School of Mines, B.S. Levy, B.S. Levy Consultants, Ltd. This FIERF funded project indicates nano hardness testing can provide reliable results for analyzing the surface layer of hot forging dies.

Application of Subtractive Rapid Prototyping (SRP) for RSP Tooling (pdf)
Pratik E. Nikam and John Frater, FIERF Magnet School Professor, Cleveland State University. Demonstrates that Subtractive Rapid Prototyping (SRP) is a powerful tool to reduce the time required to fabricate a forging die by the Rapid Solidification Process (RSP).

Application of Advanced Die Materials and Lubrication Systems for Reduction of Die Wear in Warm & Hot Forging (pdf) 
Professor Taylan Altan, Professor and Director Center for Precision Forming, The Ohio State University. This FIERF funded project's objective are improvement of tool life in hot and warm forging through application of advanced die materials and coatings and development of guidelines for selecting the optimum die material and lubrication systems for a given application. The project team includes numerous FIA Member forging producers, lubrication, die and simulation suppliers.

Development and Demonstration of Advanced Tooling Alloys for Molds and Dies: A Technology Transfer and Commercialization Case Study (PDF)
The Rapid Solidification Process was developed at Idaho National Laboratory, through funding from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Industrial Technologies Program.

Environment-friendly MQL Spray System for Hot Forging (pdf)
Chun Liu, FIERF Forging Fellow, Ohio State University – Progress Report

Failure Analysis of H13 Gear Blank Forging Dies (pdf)
John C. Bergeron, Erin Burns, John Bushie, Haakon Sandberg, Abbey Vanden Heuvel, Michigan Technological University; Walker Forge, Inc.

Innovative Die Material & Lubrication Strategies (pdf)
An overall $4 million collaborative forging program funded by the U.S. Department of Energy at OSU and managed by Dr. Rajiv Shivpuri, FIERF Magnet School Professor.

Modeling of Lubricant Droplet and Spray in Hot Forging (pdf)
Lin Yang, FIERF Forging Fellow, Ohio State University – Progress Report

The Rapid Solidification Process (RSP): Its Theoretical Basis, and the Benefits It Offers the Manufacturing Industry (pdf)
Yaw Apatu, Eric Dittmar, Abdul Elepele, Robert Chmielewski, Magnet School Professor John Frater, Cleveland State University. 2003 Forging Achievement Award Student Paper.

Rapid Solidification ToolingDevelopment & Demonstration of Advanced Tooling Alloys for Molds & Dies (pdf)
A new class of mold and die tool steels will be developed to enable production of dies by spray forming. Forging Defense Manufacturing Consortium project.

Report on Material and Surface Engineering of Dies for Precision Forging (pdf) 
Sailesh Babu, Dilmar Ribeiro, FIERF Magnet School Professor Rajiv Shivpuri, The Ohio State University. Report prepared for Precision Forging Consortium, Ohio Aerospace Institute and National Center for Manufacturing Sciences, June, 1999. Report provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-knowledge of die materials and surface engineering for forging dies.